Laparoscopic Local Resection Based on Sentinel Node Evaluation for Early Gastric Cancer: A Preliminary Report

We previously reported that lymphatic mapping using isosulfan blue can be used to identify sentinel nodes (SNs). This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of using the SN technique in treating early gastric cancer and to explore its usefulness for minimal invasive surgery. Twenty-three patients with early gastric cancer who underwent SN biopsy were retrospectively evaluated. Based on SN evaluation, individualized surgery was performed in five patients with T1N0M0 gastric cancer. When pathological examination of frozen sections revealed metastasis in SNs, we performed a standard D2 gastrectomy. Laparoscopic local resection was applied when the SN biopsy was negative. Our results showed that the success rate with SN biopsy in early gastric cancer was 100%, as were the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. All five patients with early gastric cancer had SNs negative for metastases both by frozen section and by postoperative pathology. Thus, all these patients underwent laparoscopic local resection without extended lymphadenectomy. We conclude that SN biopsy is a useful tool to individualize the operative procedure, and laparoscopic local resection can be safely performed using SN guidance in selected patients with early gastric cancer.     

油菜蜂花粉中黄酮等生物活性物质的提取工艺研究

目的研究破壁油菜蜂花粉黄酮类化合物提取的工艺。方法采用乙醇提出、水沉淀，并结合大孔树脂富集、乙醇洗脱等方法进行提取。结果花粉总黄酮的转移率达到70％以上，提取物的黄酮类化合物含量大于50％。从提取物中分离出芦丁、槲皮素、山奈酚等单体黄酮，并经核磁共振结构鉴定证实。同时，分离出β-谷甾醇、β-豆甾醇等两种生物活性物质并经核磁共振结构鉴定证实。结论对破壁油菜蜂花粉黄酮类化合物提取的_丁艺研究取得了较好的效果。     

Triptolide promotes generation of FoxP3+ T regulatory cells in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Triptolide (TPT), a component of the Chinese herb Triptergium wilfordii, has potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity and is used clinically in recipients of kidney transplantation.

Aim of the study

This work aimed to investigate the effect of TPT on the differentiation of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) from CD4+ cells in rats.

Materials and methods

MACS-purified rat CD4+ cells were costimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 in the presence of TGF-β to induce the expression of FoxP3, which was detected by flow cytometry. TPT and cyclosporine A (CsA) were separately added into the cultures to observe the effect on the expression of FoxP3. Kidney transplantation was performed in rats that either received no treatment or were treated with TPT after transplantation.

Results

TPT treatment enhanced the expression of FoxP3 in CD4+ cells, whereas CsA inhibited the FoxP3 expression. In the rat kidney transplantation model, the recipient rats treated with TPT survived longer than the control rats (18–19.83 vs 6.83 days, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the FoxP3+ T cells in the spleens of treated rats were higher than those from the untreated rats (12.4% vs 4.7%, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

These data suggest that TPT may promote the differentiation of CD4+ cells to FoxP3+ Tregs. This would be at least one of the pathways responsible for the immunosuppressive activity of TPT.     

中药熏洗治疗肛周湿疹临床观察

目的：观察中药熏洗治疗肛周湿疹的疗效。方法：治疗组36例用中药熏洗，对照组36例用皮炎平外用治疗。结果：治疗组总有效率高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：中药治疗肛周湿疹疗效优于皮炎平。     

妊娠安胃汤对妊娠呕吐患者胃肠道动力影响的临床研究

探讨中药妊娠安胃汤对妊娠呕吐的疗效及对胃肠道动力的影响.方法:将40例妊娠呕吐患者随机分为两组,每组20例,治疗组给予妊娠安胃汤治疗,对照组给予维生素C、维生素B6和10%氯化钾注射液静脉滴注,两组均以15 d为1个疗程.对各组治疗前后胃动素(MTL)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)、胃泌素(GAS)进行观察和对比,以明确对患者胃肠道动力的影响.结果:治疗组显效率85%,总有效率90%;对照组显效率70%,总有效率85%,两组疗效比较有极显著差异(P<0.01).治疗组治疗后VIP、GAS明显下降,MTL明显升高,与治疗前比较均具有极显著差异(P<0.01),与对照组治疗后比较也有极显著差异(P<0.01).结论:妊娠安胃汤对妊娠呕吐的治疗是通过降低VIP、GAS,升高MTL,从而对患者胃肠道动力进行调节达到治疗的目的.     

中等职业学校实行学分制初探

1学分制产生的背景　　学分制是随着课程选修制的产生、发展而建立起来的教学管理制度.它产生于18～19世纪的欧美国家,于20世纪20年代经我国的一些教育家从日本或欧美引进.     

T-2 toxin induces apoptosis, and selenium partly blocks, T-2 toxin induced apoptosis in chondrocytes through modulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.

T-2 toxin is one of the mycotoxins, a group of type A trichothecenes produced by several fungal genera including Fusarium species. In the present study, we have investigated the apoptotic effects of T-2 toxin on chondrocytes and the relationship between T-2 toxin induced chondrocyte apoptosis and its influence on Bcl-2/Bax protein and mRNA expression. We have also examined the inhibitory effects of selenium on chondrocyte apoptosis induced by T-2 toxin. We have combined morphological and biological techniques to establish the relevance of apoptosis in human chondrocyte death induced by T-2 toxin. Treatment with T-2 toxin caused accelerated apoptosis in a concentration dependent manner. The apoptosis induced by T-2 toxin involved an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Bcl-2 mRNA expression remained unchanged in chondrocyte apoptosis induced by T-2 toxin treatment, while Bax mRNA expression increased following treatment with T-2 toxin. Selenium could partly block the apoptosis of chondrocytes induced by T-2 toxin through decreasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. These results suggest that, under our experimental conditions, apoptosis of chondrocytes can be induced by T-2 toxin (1-20ng/mL) via the Bcl-2 and Bax proteins, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio may play a critical role in governing the susceptibility to apoptosis induced by T-2 toxin in human chondrocytes.     

重症胆管炎23例临床治疗分析

目的：探讨急性重症胆管炎患者的手术时机和死亡原因。方法：回顾性分析23例急性重症胆管炎患者的治疗及预后情况。结果：死亡2例（手术死亡及传统治疗死亡各1例）。早期大剂量短期应用糖皮质激素患者休克得到纠正率85％，明显高于未用糖皮质激素患者休克纠正率50％。结论：急性重症胆管炎患者应在出现休克和（或）精神症状之前手术，对已出现休克的患者，应先给予充分的保守治疗，待病情稳定后再手术。贻误手术时机，严重合并症如多器官功能衰竭及高龄是死亡的主要原因。     

化疗药物配制方法探讨

为探讨化疗药物正确的配制方法，有效地预防化疗药物可能存在的职业危害，并使病人得到准确的用药剂量。提出配制化疗药物应在专门的化疗药物配制阃配制，使用特制的层流净化操作台，不具备条件者可在排风设备良好、空气流通的场所内配制。配制人员必须熟练掌握化疗药物的药理知识，配制时应严格做好查对工作。